In recent years, citizenship-by-investment programs and “golden visas” have become increasingly popular among investors and entrepreneurs. These programs offer unique opportunities for those who wish to obtain a second citizenship or residency in another country.
Citizenship by investment allows obtaining citizenship of a country in exchange for investments in its economy. A “Golden Visa” grants the right to reside in a country in exchange for investments. In 2025, a number of countries offer such programs, including Vanuatu.
In this section, we will examine the main aspects of citizenship by investment and the “golden visa”, as well as the options available in 2025, including Vanuatu citizenship by investment.
What are citizenship by investment programs?
Citizenship by investment programs are special mechanisms that allow obtaining citizenship or permanent residency in another country through financial investments. In exchange for investments in the country’s economy, for example, through purchasing property, establishing a business, or making a non-refundable contribution, the state grants the investor and their family citizenship or residency.
How the CBI works?
These programs are designed to attract capital and increase economic activity. This is beneficial both for the country and for investors, who gain new opportunities, including tax benefits, improved quality of life, and international mobility. The process of obtaining citizenship usually takes from several months to a year, depending on the country and the chosen program. However, it requires thorough preparation of documents, legal checks, and compliance with all local regulations.
Citizenship by investment allows for the acceleration of the relocation process and offers significant advantages in terms of security, tax optimisation, and access to new markets.
The history of origin and development
Citizenship by investment programs have their history dating back to the 1980s, when Saint Kitts and Nevis first introduced such a program. Since then, many countries have followed this example, creating their own versions of the programs.
Today, these programs continue to evolve, offering more attractive conditions, such as “cheapest golden visa” in some countries, making them even more accessible for investors.
“Investments in citizenship are not only a financial contribution but also an opportunity to broaden your horizons and gain new opportunities.”
What is a Golden Visa?
“Golden visa” is a type of visa granted to foreign investors who make significant investments in the economy of a country. This could be the purchase of real estate, creation of jobs, or investment in a business. In return for such investments, the investor and their family receive the right to temporary or permanent residence in the chosen country. The essence of the program lies in providing the opportunity to live and work in the country without the need for full emigration and immediate acquisition of citizenship.
Golden visa programs are popular in countries such as Portugal, Spain, and Greece. These visas provide access to a high quality of life, business opportunities, and also simplify travel across Europe. Unlike regular visas, a golden visa often offers greater flexibility and less strict residency requirements, making it attractive to international entrepreneurs.
Differences between citizenship by investment and the “golden visa”
The main difference between a golden visa and citizenship by investment lies in the fact that a golden visa grants the right to permanent residence but does not immediately provide citizenship. A golden visa usually offers a temporary residence permit in the country, which can be extended, whereas citizenship by investment grants full civil rights immediately after meeting the investment requirements. While the process of obtaining citizenship is more lengthy and requires additional steps, a golden visa is a faster way to gain residency rights, making it ideal for those who are not ready to renounce their current citizenship straight away.
Legal status and rights
Citizenship by investment provides full citizenship, including all the rights and obligations of a citizen of the country. A “Golden Visa”, on the other hand, usually offers a residence permit, which may have certain restrictions and does not grant all the rights of a citizen.
Citizens have the right to participate in elections, hold certain positions, and enjoy all social guarantees provided by the state. Holders of the “golden visa” may have more limited rights, although they can still benefit from a number of advantages, such as the opportunity to live and work in the country.
Terms of receipt and requirements
The timeframes for obtaining citizenship by investment and a “golden visa” can vary significantly. Citizenship by investment programs usually require more substantial investments and a longer review process, which can take from several months to several years.
“Golden visa” often has lower investment thresholds and faster timelines for obtaining a residence permit. However, residency requirements and other conditions may vary depending on the country.
Tax consequences
The tax implications of citizenship by investment and “golden visas” can also vary. Citizens may be required to pay taxes on worldwide income, whereas holders of “golden visas” may have more limited tax obligations, depending on the tax legislation of the country.
It is important to consult a tax specialist to understand all the tax implications of a particular choice.
Advantages of citizenship by investment
Citizenship by investment programs open up wide horizons for investors for personal and professional growth. It is not only a way to obtain a second passport but also an opportunity to enhance one’s prospects in a global context. By acquiring citizenship through investment, a person gains full citizen rights, including the right to permanent residence, work, and business activities in the country where the investments were made. This allows integration into the economy without facing the restrictions often imposed on foreign nationals.
Another significant advantage is global mobility. Many countries offering citizenship by investment programs provide visa-free access to dozens of countries worldwide, which significantly simplifies travel, business trips, and personal visits. In some cases, the visa process for citizens of such countries becomes much easier, which is especially important for those who frequently travel around the world.
For family investors, there is also the possibility of transferring citizenship to children. This guarantees your descendants not only comfortable living in another country but also access to better education, healthcare, and career opportunities. In the long term, this becomes a valuable asset, ensuring financial stability and access to international markets.
Advantages of “golden visa” programs
For those seeking a second passport or residence permit, “Golden Visa” programs offer an attractive solution. These programs have become increasingly popular due to their numerous advantages.
Lower investment threshold
One of the main advantages of the “Golden Visa” is the lower investment threshold compared to citizenship-by-investment programs. This makes them more accessible to a wider range of investors.
The possibility of obtaining citizenship in the future
Although the “Golden Visa” initially provides a residence permit, many programs offer a pathway to citizenship in the future. This is particularly appealing for those seeking a long-term perspective.
Flexible accommodation requirements
The “Golden Visa” programs often have more flexible residency requirements than citizenship programs. This allows investors to maintain a connection with their new home without the need for permanent residence.
Popular countries with citizenship by investment programs in 2025
The popularity of citizenship by investment programs is growing every year, and 2025 was no exception. This year, investors can choose from a wide range of countries offering citizenship in exchange for investments.
Caribbean programs
The Caribbean islands remain popular due to their attractive citizenship by investment programs. St Kitts and Nevis, Dominica, and Grenada are among the most sought-after destinations.
Saint Kitts and Nevis offers one of the oldest and most respected programs in the region. Dominica attracts with its low investment threshold, while Grenada offers a unique opportunity to obtain an E-2 visa to the USA.
European programs
Europe also offers a range of attractive citizenship-by-investment programs. Malta and Montenegro are vivid examples.
Malta offers the Malta Individual Investor program (MIIP), which allows obtaining EU citizenship in a relatively short time. Montenegro, in turn, offers a more affordable option for those seeking citizenship in Europe.
Overview of the Vanuatu Citizenship program
The Vanuatu citizenship by investment program is one of the most attractive and accessible on the market. With its help, it is possible to obtain citizenship of this exotic island country by making the appropriate financial investments. The process of obtaining citizenship through investment in Vanuatu takes only 1-4 months.
The main appeal of the program lies in its simplicity. Investors can choose several investment options: a contribution to the country’s economy or investments in real estate. In return, they receive a full package of civil rights, including the right to visa-free access to more than 100 countries. Vanuatu also offers a favourable tax system, not levying taxes on global income, capital, or inheritance.
For those striving for business optimisation and increased international mobility, Vanuatu citizenship opens new horizons. Importantly, the country does not require mandatory residence for its new citizens.
“Vanuatu is an excellent solution for those seeking fast and reliable citizenship.”
Golden Visa countries: an overview of countries with “Golden Visa” programs
The “golden visa” programs have become an attractive option for those seeking alternative ways to obtain a residence permit in Europe. These programs offer investors the opportunity to obtain a long-term residence permit in exchange for investments in the country’s economy.
Portugal
Portugal is one of the most popular countries for obtaining a “golden visa”. Portugal’s program offers investors the opportunity to obtain a residence permit in exchange for investments in real estate, business or other sectors of the economy. Portugal’s “golden visa” grants the right to reside, work and study in the country.
According to the migration expert, “Portugal’s ‘golden visa’ program has become a magnet for foreign investors seeking opportunities in Europe.”
Spain
Spain also offers an attractive “golden visa” program, which allows investors to obtain a residence permit in exchange for investments in real estate or other assets. Spain is a popular destination for investors due to its climate, culture, and strong economic position.
“Spain became one of the first countries to launch the ‘golden visa’ program, and since then it has remained a popular choice among investors.”
Greece
Greece offers one of the most affordable “golden visa” programs in the EU. Investors can obtain a residence permit by investing in real estate or bonds. Greece attracts investors with its historical and cultural landmarks, as well as its favourable climate.
Other European countries
Other European countries, such as Cyprus, Bulgaria, and Hungary, also offer “golden visa” programs. Each country has its own unique conditions and advantages, so investors should carefully study all options before making a decision.
In conclusion, “golden visa” programs offer a wide range of opportunities for investors seeking to obtain residency in Europe. The choice of country depends on individual preferences and investment goals.
Cheapest golden visa: the most affordable programs in 2025
The search for the most affordable ‘golden visa’ is a key step for many investors in 2025. In this section, we will review the most affordable ‘golden visa’ programs currently available.
Greece: the most affordable “golden visa” in Europe
Greece offers one of the most affordable “golden visa” programs in Europe. The minimum investment threshold is only €250,000 in real estate. This makes Greece an attractive option for investors seeking affordable citizenship or residency in the EU.
Latvia: alternative option
Latvia is another option for investors seeking an affordable “golden visa”. Although investment requirements may vary, Latvia offers relatively low barriers compared to other EU countries.
Golden visa requirements: requirements for obtaining in 2025
Obtaining a ‘golden visa’ in 2025 requires meeting certain requirements. ‘Golden visa’ programs offer residency in exchange for investments, but the selection criteria vary depending on the country and program.
One of the main requirements is the fulfilment of financial conditions. Investors must invest a certain amount in the economy of the country issuing the ‘golden visa’. The minimum investment threshold varies: for example, in Portugal, it is 350,000 euros for purchasing real estate, and in Greece – 250,000 euros.
Applicants must meet certain criteria regarding their personal history. Usually, the absence of convictions and a clean criminal record are required. Some countries also require a certificate of no criminal record from the applicant’s country of origin.
Requirements for residence vary depending on the ‘golden visa’ program. Some countries require applicants to reside on their territory for a certain number of days per year, while others have no such requirements. For example, in Portugal, applicants must stay in the country for at least 7 days in the first year and 14 days every subsequent 2 years.
How to choose between citizenship by investment and a “golden visa”
When choosing between citizenship by investment and a “golden visa”, it is important to consider several key factors. Both options offer unique advantages but also have significant differences. Understanding these differences will help you make an informed decision.
Factors to consider
When evaluating citizenship by investment programs and “golden visas”, factors such as investment requirements, the timeframes for obtaining citizenship or a residence permit, and the rights granted by the program should be considered. Additionally, it is important to examine tax implications and residency requirements.
It is also worth paying attention to the level of security and confidentiality provided by the program, as well as the possibility of obtaining citizenship for family members. The “Golden Visa” may be a more flexible option, but citizenship by investment offers a more stable and long-term solution.
Analysis of personal goals and needs
To make the right decision, it is necessary to analyse your personal goals and needs. If your main goal is to obtain citizenship and a passport of another country, then a citizenship by investment program may be more suitable.
If you are looking for a more flexible option that allows you to live and work in another country without the need to obtain citizenship, then a “golden visa” might be the best choice. It is important to consider your long-term plans and how they align with the benefits and requirements of each program.
Long-term prospects
When choosing between citizenship by investment and a “golden visa”, it is important to consider long-term prospects. Citizenship by investment provides stability and permanence, whereas a “golden visa” may be subject to changes in legislation.
Moreover, it is worth considering potential changes in your personal and financial situation in the future. “Citizenship is forever” – this phrase is often used in the context of citizenship-by-investment programs, emphasising the long-term nature of this decision.
“Investments in citizenship or residency are not only a financial matter but also a strategic decision that can significantly impact your life and the future of your children.”
Citizenship of Vanuatu by investment: detailed overview and opportunities
Vanuatu citizenship can be obtained through an investment program, which offers a range of unique advantages. This program attracts investors from all over the world due to its simplicity and speed of obtaining citizenship.
In 2025, the Vanuatu citizenship by investment program continues to offer attractive conditions for investors. The main requirements include investing in the country’s economy and passing a due diligence check.
The process of obtaining Vanuatu citizenship
The process of obtaining Vanuatu citizenship includes several stages, starting from choosing a suitable investment option to submitting the application and undergoing verification. After approval, the applicant receives Vanuatu citizenship.
As one of the experts noted, “The Vanuatu citizenship program is one of the most accessible and fastest ways to obtain a second passport.”
“Obtaining Vanuatu citizenship opens up new opportunities for business and personal life.”
Advantages of the Vanuatu passport
The Vanuatu passport provides visa-free access to a number of countries, as well as the opportunity to travel and conduct business in the region. This makes it attractive to investors seeking global mobility.
How to start the process of obtaining Vanuatu citizenship?
To begin the process, it is necessary to contact a licensed agent who will assist in going through all the stages, from selecting an investment option to obtaining citizenship.
Start your journey to obtaining Vanuatu citizenship right now and discover new opportunities!
What is a “golden visa” and how does it work?
“Golden visa” is a residence permit issued to foreigners who invest in the country’s economy. “Golden visa” programs offer residency in exchange for investments in real estate, business or other assets.
Which countries offer “golden visa” programs?
Among the countries offering “golden visa” programs are Portugal, Spain, Greece, Latvia and other European countries.
What is citizenship by investment?
Citizenship by investment is a program that allows obtaining citizenship of a country in exchange for investments in its economy.
What are the advantages of citizenship by investment?
Citizenship by investment provides full citizenship and a passport, visa-free travel, and the ability to pass citizenship to children.
How much does obtaining a “golden visa” cost?
The cost of a “golden visa” varies depending on the country and type of investment. The most affordable “golden visa” programs are offered by Greece and Latvia.
What are the requirements for obtaining a “golden visa”?
The requirements for obtaining a “golden visa” include financial requirements, requirements for the applicant’s personal history, and residency requirements.
Is it possible to obtain citizenship through a “golden visa”?
Yes, some “golden visa” programs offer the possibility of obtaining citizenship in the future, subject to certain conditions.
What is the Vanuatu Citizenship by Investment program?
The Vanuatu Citizenship by Investment program allows obtaining Vanuatu citizenship in exchange for investments in the country’s economy.
How to choose between citizenship by investment and a “golden visa”?
When choosing between citizenship by investment and a “golden visa”, one should consider personal goals, financial capabilities, and long-term prospects.